Genetic Alterations in Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer -related deaths worldwide. Due to the prevalence of late -stage diagnoses, treatment options are frequently constrained. Molecular profiling of lung cancer is crucial for the clinical management and successful therapy of the disease because lung cancer originates from a multilayered carcinogenesis consisting of multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The potential of anomalies involved in carcinogenesis as biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has begun to be evaluated due to the development of new generation sequencing methods and their more frequent application in the clinic. This review presents information regarding the genetic alterations responsible for the malignant transformation of lung cells. The article highlights the predominant gene mutations that are specific to a particular subtype of lung cancer, their impact on the clinical progression of the disease, and the response to treatment. However, in summarizing all genetic features, the latest information from the NCCN v2.2024 guide was taken into account.